Homicide in the Context of Killing (USP): Unterschied zwischen den Versionen

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To kill is to terminate the existence of a living organism. To put an end to a life. Living beings are plants and animals including the human animal. The killing of plants - the flora - is of concern for biologists and environmentalists to the degree that the reduction of biodiversity is endangering human life on this planet. The killing of animals by other animals has never been a  matter of great concern, but the killing of animals by humans - the dominant source of protein supply since the beginning of our species' existence - has been receiving some attention recently, and this for a number of reasons. One of them is the fact that many animal species are at risk of becoming extinct. Another one is the development of an increased understanding of the animals' suffering under conditions of industrialized animal farming and slaughtering. Finally, the killing of humans by humans has always been a matter of concern for us humans. It has always been there, and it has always been a topic, a concern, a problem.
To kill is to terminate the existence of a living organism. To put an end to a life. Living beings are plants and animals including the human animal. The killing of plants - the flora - is of concern for biologists and environmentalists to the degree that the reduction of biodiversity is endangering human life on this planet. The killing of animals by other animals has never been a  matter of great concern, but the killing of animals by humans - the dominant source of protein supply since the beginning of our species' existence - has been receiving some attention recently, and this for a number of reasons. One of them is the fact that many animal species are at risk of becoming extinct. Another one is the development of an increased understanding of the animals' suffering under conditions of industrialized animal farming and slaughtering. Finally, the killing of humans by humans has always been a matter of concern for us humans. It has always been there, and it has always been a topic, a concern, a problem.
The killing of human life by humans takes many forms.
*The most frequent - and highly controversial - phenomenon is the killing of unborn human life. Abortions are over a hundred times more frequent than homicides (56 million vs. less than half a million per year worldwide).
*Then there is the killing of people who wish to end their own life - because of old age, pain, and illness - by doctors at the request of their patients. The altruistic act of killing (euthanasia).


When and how do humans end the existence of a human life?  Sometimes humans commit suicide. They take their own life. They do it - according to the Émile Durkheim's classic study - because of loneliness (egoistic suicide), as a sacrifice for a group (altruistic), following a great loss or frustration (anomic), or because they collapse under extreme social expectations (fatalistic suicide). Empirically, taking one's own life is more common than taking another person's life. As of today, suicide is more frequent than homicide, and the statistics say that it is even more frequent than homicide and killing in the context of armed conflicts taken together.
When and how do humans end the existence of a human life?  Sometimes humans commit suicide. They take their own life. They do it - according to the Émile Durkheim's classic study - because of loneliness (egoistic suicide), as a sacrifice for a group (altruistic), following a great loss or frustration (anomic), or because they collapse under extreme social expectations (fatalistic suicide). Empirically, taking one's own life is more common than taking another person's life. As of today, suicide is more frequent than homicide, and the statistics say that it is even more frequent than homicide and killing in the context of armed conflicts taken together.


Sometimes humans kill their unborn babies - their fetuses, i.e. prenatal human beings between the embryonic state and birth. Like suicide, abortion has been and still is a longstanding ethical and juridical problem.
Sometimes humans kill their unborn babies - their fetuses, i.e. prenatal human beings between the embryonic state and birth. Sometimes is not quite the right term to describe the frequency of abortion, the yearly worldwide number of which is estimated at 56 million. Like suicide, abortion has been and still is a longstanding ethical and juridical problem. In many countries it is a criminal offense, while in others, it is seen as a right of the pregnant woman to decide over her body and her self, i.e. her life.
 
 
    
    


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== Sources ==
== Sources ==
*[https://www.guttmacher.org/fact-sheet/induced-abortion-worldwide Abortions worldwide (2018)]
*[https://www.guttmacher.org/fact-sheet/induced-abortion-worldwide Abortions worldwide (2018)]
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5088089/ Euthanasia in Belgium (2016)]
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3859192/ Georgiev, Alexander V. et al. (2013) When Violence Pays: A Cost-Benefit Analysis of Aggressive Behavior ...Evol Psychol. 2013 Jul 18; 11(3): 678–699].
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3859192/ Georgiev, Alexander V. et al. (2013) When Violence Pays: A Cost-Benefit Analysis of Aggressive Behavior ...Evol Psychol. 2013 Jul 18; 11(3): 678–699].
*[https://assets.aspeninstitute.org/content/uploads/files/content/upload/19Geronimus.pdf Geronimus, Arline (1998): For 15 -19 year old African American males in major metropolitan areas homicide is the leading cause of death].
*[https://assets.aspeninstitute.org/content/uploads/files/content/upload/19Geronimus.pdf Geronimus, Arline (1998): For 15 -19 year old African American males in major metropolitan areas homicide is the leading cause of death].
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