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'''Donald Clemmer (1903-1965)''': [[Donald Clemmer]] coined the word "prisonization" in his work ''The Prison Community'' (1940; 1958). The term refers to the process by which the psyches and behaviors of convicts are molded by the social and structural hallmarks of prison life. Clemmer suggested that prisonization not only thwarts attempts to rehabilitate convicts but also inspires behavior contrary to accepted standards of social conduct. He was neither the first nor the last to describe this philosophical flaw in the concept of legal incarceration. (His later counter-term ''correctionalization'' did not catch on.) . | '''Donald Clemmer (1903-1965)''': [[Donald Clemmer]] coined the word "prisonization" in his work ''The Prison Community'' (1940; 1958). The term refers to the process by which the psyches and behaviors of convicts are molded by the social and structural hallmarks of prison life. Clemmer suggested that prisonization not only thwarts attempts to rehabilitate convicts but also inspires behavior contrary to accepted standards of social conduct. He was neither the first nor the last to describe this philosophical flaw in the concept of legal incarceration. (His later counter-term ''correctionalization'' did not catch on.) . | ||
'''Gresham Sykes (1922-1990)''': His 1958 book on "The Society of Captives. A Study of a Maximum Security Prison" and his description of the [[Pains of Imprisonment]] made him a modern classic. | '''Gresham Sykes (1922-1990)''': His 1958 book on "The Society of Captives. A Study of a Maximum Security Prison" and his description of the [[Pains of Imprisonment]] - such as the loss of liberty, goods and services, heterosexual relationships, autonomy, and security - made him a modern classic. | ||
'''James B. Jacobs (*1947)''': [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_B._Jacobs| James Jacobs'] analysis of [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-social-policy/article/jacobs-james-b-stateville-the-penitentiary-in-mass-society-the-university-of-chicago-press-chicago-1977-281-pp-940/75895C00F58ACE2EBAF7F64B47386E3A ''Stateville: The Penitentiary in Mass Society'' (1977)] contends that modern mass society extended citizenship rights to disadvantaged groups like prisoners, resulting in changes in the structure of authority in prisons. | '''James B. Jacobs (*1947)''': [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_B._Jacobs| James Jacobs'] analysis of [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-social-policy/article/jacobs-james-b-stateville-the-penitentiary-in-mass-society-the-university-of-chicago-press-chicago-1977-281-pp-940/75895C00F58ACE2EBAF7F64B47386E3A ''Stateville: The Penitentiary in Mass Society'' (1977)] contends that modern mass society extended citizenship rights to disadvantaged groups like prisoners, resulting in changes in the structure of authority in prisons. | ||