Abolizionismo 1.2: Unterschied zwischen den Versionen

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 *From the 1750s, a number of Quakers in Britain's American colonies begins to oppose slavery, and call on English Quakers to take action with parliament. They encouraged their fellow citizens, including Quaker slave owners, to improve conditions for slaves, educate their slaves in Christianity, reading and writing, and gradually emancipate them.
 *1783: An informal group of six Quakers pioneers the British abolitionist movement when the London Society of Friends' yearly meeting presents its petition against the slave trade to Parliament, signed by over 300 Quakers. - They were influenced by publicity about the ''Zong'' massacre, as the ship owners were litigating a claim for insurance against losses due to more than 132 slaves having been killed on their ship.
-*1787: The Quakers decide to form a small, committed, non-denominational group so as to gain greater Anglican and Parliamentary support. The new, non-denominational committee has nine Quaker members and three Anglicans. As Quakers were considered non-conformists (and were debarred from standing for Parliament), Anglican members strengthened the committee's likelihood of influencing Parliament.
+*1787: The Quakers decide to form a small, committed, non-denominational group so as to gain greater Anglican and Parliamentary support. The new, non-denominational committee has nine Quaker members and three Anglicans. As Quakers were considered non-conformists (and were debarred from standing for Parliament), Anglican members strengthened the committee's likelihood of influencing Parliament. The Society for Effecting the Abolition of Slavery (Hochschild 2005) is crucial in the process of abolition:
 :Nine of the twelve founding members of the Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade were Quakers: John Barton (1755–1789); William Dillwyn (1743-1824); George Harrison (1747-1827); Samuel Hoare Jr (1751-1825); Joseph Hooper (1732-1789); John Lloyd; Joseph Woods Sr (1738-1812); James Phillips (1745-1799); and Richard Phillips. Five of the Quakers had been amongst the informal group of six Quakers who had pioneered the movement in 1783, when the first petition against the slave trade was presented to parliament.
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 :Three Anglicans were founding members: [[Thomas Clarkson]], campaigner and author of an influential essay against the slave trade; Granville Sharp who, as a lawyer, had long been involved in the support and prosecution of cases on behalf of enslaved Africans; and Philip Sansom.
-Petitions were presented to the House of Commons, anti-slavery rallies held, and a range of anti-slavery medallions, crockery and bronze figurines were made, notably with the support of the Unitarian Josiah Wedgwood whose production of pottery medallions featuring a slave in chains with the simple but effective question: Am I not a man and a brother? was very effective in bringing public attention to abolition. The Wedgwood medallion was the most famous image of a black person in all of 18th-century art. Thomas Clarkson wrote; "ladies wore them in bracelets, and others had them fitted up in an ornamental manner as pins for their hair. At length the taste for wearing them became general, and thus fashion, which usually confines itself to worthless things, was seen for once in the honourable office of promoting the cause of justice, humanity and freedom".
+:Petitions were presented to the House of Commons, anti-slavery rallies held, and a range of anti-slavery medallions, crockery and bronze figurines were made, notably with the support of the Unitarian Josiah Wedgwood whose production of pottery medallions featuring a slave in chains with the simple but effective question: Am I not a man and a brother? was very effective in bringing public attention to abolition. The Wedgwood medallion was the most famous image of a black person in all of 18th-century art. Thomas Clarkson wrote; "ladies wore them in bracelets, and others had them fitted up in an ornamental manner as pins for their hair. At length the taste for wearing them became general, and thus fashion, which usually confines itself to worthless things, was seen for once in the honourable office of promoting the cause of justice, humanity and freedom".
-By educating the public, the Committee for the Abolition of the Slave Trade gained many members. In 1787, Thomas Clarkson's speaking tour of the great ports and cities of England raised public interest. Publication of the African Olaudah Equiano's autobiography heightened public awareness, as the former slave expressed an unanswerable case against slavery in a work of literary merit. In 1789 Clarkson's promoted the Committee's cause by encouraging the sale of Equiano's memoir and inviting the former slave to lecture in British ports linked to the slave trade.
+:By educating the public, the Committee for the Abolition of the Slave Trade gained many members. In 1787, Thomas Clarkson's speaking tour of the great ports and cities of England raised public interest. Publication of the African Olaudah Equiano's autobiography heightened public awareness, as the former slave expressed an unanswerable case against slavery in a work of literary merit. In 1789 Clarkson's promoted the Committee's cause by encouraging the sale of Equiano's memoir and inviting the former slave to lecture in British ports linked to the slave trade.
-William Wilberforce introduced the first Bill to abolish the slave trade in 1791, which was defeated by 163 votes to 88. As Wilberforce continued to bring the issue of the slave trade before Parliament, Clarkson and others on the Committee traveled, raised funds, lobbied, and wrote anti-slavery works. They conducted a protracted parliamentary campaign, during which Wilberforce introduced a motion in favour of abolition almost every year.
+*1791: William Wilberforce introduces the first Bill to abolish the slave trade. It is defeated by 163 votes to 88. As Wilberforce continued to bring the issue of the slave trade before Parliament, Clarkson and others on the Committee traveled, raised funds, lobbied, and wrote anti-slavery works. They conducted a protracted parliamentary campaign, during which Wilberforce introduced a motion in favour of abolition almost every year.
-Von entscheidender Bedeutung war die in England von Thomas Clarkson, Granville Sharp u.a. gegründete Society for Effecting the Abolition of Slavery (Gesellschaft zur Abschaffung der Sklaverei; vgl. Hochschild 2005)).
 [[Thomas Clarkson]]