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Abolizionismo 1.1 (Quelltext anzeigen)

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→‎Abolitio nel diritto romano

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 The abolitio freed accused people before the verdict, it simply stopped the prosecution. In this sense, it was a liberating institution.
-There were three three types of abolitions: ex lege, privata, publica. They were rather important legal institutions, especially the abolitio publica. They had the function of reducing the burden of unresolved cases in the overstrained criminal justice system of Ancient Rome, and the second function of making people thankful to the magnanimity of the Emperor, i.e. the abolitiones publicae were quite an effective means of legitimizing the respective rulers. People were liberated by abolition for the purpose of more effective domination of the general public. This double function continued after the fall of the Roman Empire.
+There were three three types of abolitions: ex lege, privata, publica.
+Earlier scholars (Theodor Mommsen) seem to have underestimated the social and political relevance of this institution in Roman times.
+Recent re-assessments revealed the important role that ''abolitiones'' played. Especially the abolitio publica fulfilled a double function:
+#to relieve the criminal justice system of the burden of unresolved cases #to create legitimicy for the rulers by making use of a severe penal law and a widespread clemency on the part of the executive (the Emperor).
+The ''abolitiones'' publicae were quite an effective means of legitimizing the respective rulers. People were liberated by abolition for the purpose of more effective domination of the general public. This double function continued after the fall of the Roman Empire.
 There was a continuation of the so called right of abolition until the end of the era of absolute monarchies in Europe (1648-1789). An example was the abolition granted to the sculptor Benvenuto Cellini by pope Paul III (in 1534).
 :Typisch war die Verbindung eines sehr strengen Strafrechts mit einer großzügigen Gnadenpraxis. Insbesondere der Amtsantritt eines neuen Kaisers war regelmäßig Anlaß, um eine Amnestie und eine abolitio publica zu verkünden. Das steigerte die Beliebtheit des Herrschers. Mit der abolitio publica wurden alle Anklagen (mit Ausnahme schwerster Verbrechensvorwürfe) von Staats aus Anlass eines Festes oder freudigen Ereignisses vom Senat (oder vom Kaiser) aufgehoben. Ehebruchsverfahren gegen inhaftierte Sklaven wurden allerdings trotz einer abolitio publica weitergeführt und in Untersuchungshaft befindliche Sklaven waren von abolitiones sowieso ausgenommen. Am stärksten profitierten von den Abolitionen die Angehörigen der Oberschicht.