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Abolizionismo 1.1: Unterschied zwischen den Versionen
Abolizionismo 1.1 (Quelltext anzeigen)
Version vom 26. November 2014, 17:28 Uhr
, 17:28, 26. Nov. 2014→abolitio in il diritto romano
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== Concetti == | == Concetti == | ||
=== '''abolitio''' | === '''abolitio''' nello diritto romano === | ||
Semantic and conceptual sources of abolitionism can be found in the institution of abolitio (from abolire, aboleō abolēs, abolet) in Roman Law. | Semantic and conceptual sources of abolitionism can be found in the institution of abolitio (from abolire, aboleō abolēs, abolet) in Roman Law. | ||
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In the Ancien Régime, the right of abolition was incorporated in the royal lettres de justice; lettres de cachet and lettres d’abolition. | In the Ancien Régime, the right of abolition was incorporated in the royal lettres de justice; lettres de cachet and lettres d’abolition. | ||
Sealed royal letters contained orders that could not be subjected to any legal process, i.e. they were absolute and finite decisions. They were instruments for all kinds of interests. In 1680, e.g., the Comédie Française was founded by an order contained in a lettre de cachet. Today, they are best known for their politically repressive function. One of the reasons for this was the campaign against the lettres de cachet started by French philosopher and writer Voltaire. | |||
These letters became a prominent symbol of the abuses of the monarchy, and as such were suppressed during the French Revolution. This obscures the fact that their primary function was social, not political, and that the kings themselves tried to curtail their inflationary use. From 1741 to 1775, there were almost 20 000 such letters. In Brittany, the yearly average went from 10 between 1735 and 1750 to 20 to 40 between 1778 and 1789. Political questions were only touched upon by some 5% of all such letters. | |||
The so called lettres d‘abolition freed accused persons from all legal proceedings, but in spite of this liberating character of theirs they attracted the same kind of dislike as the other lettres de cachet. | |||
Ordonnance criminelle 1670 (title 16, Des lettres d'abolition, rémission, pardon, pour ester à droit, rappel de ban ou de galères, commutation de peine, réhabilitation et révision de procès).: Lettres d'abolition sont celles que le roi remet à l'auteur d'un crime non rémissible et par lesquelles le roi abolit la peine dont l'auteur du crime est passible. L'article 4 du titre 16 dispose qu'il ne sera pas accordé de lettre d'abolition en cas de duel, d'assassinat, de rapt avec violence ou encore d'excès contre les magistrats ou auxiliaires de justice, ni aux principaux coupables, ni à ceux qui les auraient aidés. | |||
Diritto Romano: tra dei tre tipi della istituzione della ''abolitio'' - ex lege, privata e publica - il ultimo era lo più importante. | Diritto Romano: tra dei tre tipi della istituzione della ''abolitio'' - ex lege, privata e publica - il ultimo era lo più importante. | ||