Rückgang des Zigarettenkonsums
Version vom 1. Juni 2015, 10:36 Uhr von Tiao (Diskussion | Beiträge)
Deutschland
- 2012 rauchten hierzulande 3,9 Millionen Menschen weniger als noch 1980. Die Bundesrepublik zählt damit zu den Top 10 der Länder, in denen die Zahl der Raucher am stärksten abgenommen hat. Nach Angaben des Deutschen Krebsforschungszentrums (DKFZ) würden seit zehn Jahren auch weniger Zigaretten konsumiert. Wurden 2002 noch insgesamt 145 Milliarden Zigaretten in Deutschland geraucht, waren es 2012 nur noch 82 Milliarden.
- Das sei vor allem auf die Erhöhung der Tabaksteuer sowie auf den Erlass der Nichtraucherschutzgesetze im Jahr 2007 zurückzuführen, sagt Martina Pötschke-Langer vom DKFZ. "Diese Gesetze und die Debatten darum haben dazu geführt, dass die soziale Akzeptanz des Rauchens extrem zurückgegangen ist." Für die Zukunft sei die Einführung eines umfassenden Werbeverbots eine weitere zentrale Maßnahme im Nichtraucherschutz. Sie ist überzeugt: Der für 2015 erwartete Aufdruck von Schockbildern auf den Zigarettenpackungen werde zu einem weiteren Rückgang der Raucherzahlen in der Bevölkerung führen. In England zeigen die Bilder etwa teerschwarze Lungen, verfaulte Zähne und abgestorbene Zehen.
USA
- 1954-2013: von 45% auf 18%
- Smoking rates in the United States have dropped by half from 1965 to 2006 falling from 42% to 20.8% of adults. As of 2013, the rate of American smokers is 17.8% according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
- Self-reported adult smoking peaked in 1954 at 45%, and remained at 40% or more through the early 1970s, but has since gradually declined. The average rate of smoking across the decades fell from 40% in the 1970s to 32% in the 1980s, 26% in the 1990s, and 24% since 2000.
- This analysis complemented earlier work that has documented decreasing intensity of cigarette use among young people, for example the finding by Jones et al. (2011) that among current cigarette smokers, the frequency of light smoking (< 1–5 cigarettes per day) had increased significantly from 1991–2009, while for heavy smoking (> 11 cigarettes per day) the frequency had more than halved.
- 1997: 25%; 2012: 18% (California: 12%)
- Eighteen percent of American adults were cigarette smokers in 2012, according to a report released last week by the National Center for Health Statistics, down from 18.9 percent the previous year. From 2009 to 2012, the rate dropped to 18 percent from 20.6 percent, the first statistically significant change over multiple years since the period spanning 1997 to 2005, when the rate fell to 20.9 percent from 24.7 percent.
- two public policies have had significant effects on smoking cessation: increasing the price of cigarettes and creating smoke-free workplaces. “They reduce the number of cigarettes that people are smoking, usually between three and five cigarettes less per day for heavier smokers,” he says, and “increase the chances of a smoker stopping smoking.” Since children can’t as easily afford cigarettes and don’t see smoking as the norm when it is banned in so many public places, these policies also “decrease the chances of your child or grandchild ever starting to smoke,” he says.
- “People smoking less is a really important part of the story,” says Dr. Glantz. “The overall pattern we’re seeing, both nationally and in places like California,” where the prevalence of smoking is now down to 12 percent, “is as smoking goes down, the remaining smokers are becoming lighter smokers, intermittent smokers, or not even smoking every day. And as you smoke less and less, it becomes easier to quit.”
- importance of smoking bans. “When you create smoke-free workplaces, bars, casinos and restaurants, it sends a strong message that smoking is out,” he says. “It also creates environments that make it easier for people to quit smoking.”