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Rückgang des Zigarettenkonsums: Unterschied zwischen den Versionen
Rückgang des Zigarettenkonsums (Quelltext anzeigen)
Version vom 3. März 2019, 13:22 Uhr
, 13:22, 3. Mär. 2019→Deutschland
Tiao (Diskussion | Beiträge) (→USA) |
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:Das sei vor allem auf die Erhöhung der Tabaksteuer sowie auf den Erlass der Nichtraucherschutzgesetze im Jahr 2007 zurückzuführen, sagt Martina Pötschke-Langer vom DKFZ. "Diese Gesetze und die Debatten darum haben dazu geführt, dass die soziale Akzeptanz des Rauchens extrem zurückgegangen ist." Für die Zukunft sei die Einführung eines umfassenden Werbeverbots eine weitere zentrale Maßnahme im Nichtraucherschutz. Sie ist überzeugt: Der für 2015 erwartete Aufdruck von Schockbildern auf den Zigarettenpackungen werde zu einem weiteren Rückgang der Raucherzahlen in der Bevölkerung führen. In England zeigen die Bilder etwa teerschwarze Lungen, verfaulte Zähne und abgestorbene Zehen. | :Das sei vor allem auf die Erhöhung der Tabaksteuer sowie auf den Erlass der Nichtraucherschutzgesetze im Jahr 2007 zurückzuführen, sagt Martina Pötschke-Langer vom DKFZ. "Diese Gesetze und die Debatten darum haben dazu geführt, dass die soziale Akzeptanz des Rauchens extrem zurückgegangen ist." Für die Zukunft sei die Einführung eines umfassenden Werbeverbots eine weitere zentrale Maßnahme im Nichtraucherschutz. Sie ist überzeugt: Der für 2015 erwartete Aufdruck von Schockbildern auf den Zigarettenpackungen werde zu einem weiteren Rückgang der Raucherzahlen in der Bevölkerung führen. In England zeigen die Bilder etwa teerschwarze Lungen, verfaulte Zähne und abgestorbene Zehen. | ||
==Hawaii== | |||
*Ashes to ashes. A bill was proposed in Hawaii to raise the legal smoking age to 100. After that Hawaiians would be free to light up. The Economist Feb 9, 2019: 5. | |||
==Spanien== | ==Spanien== | ||
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==USA== | ==USA== | ||
*[https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/22/suppl_1/i49 Reuter, Peter (2013) Can tobacco control endgame analysis learn anything from the US experience with illegal drugs?] | |||
*[https://www.creators.com/read/c-force/01/19/cancer-death-rates-dramatically-decline Cancer Death Rates Dramatically Decline 2019] | |||
*[http://tobaccofreeca.com/health/2016-california-tobacco-facts-figures/ Smoking prevalence in California has steadily declined since the comprehensive tobacco control program began in 1989. Adult smoking prevalence in California declined by 51.1% between 1988 and 2014, from 23.7% to 11.6% (Figure 1.1); this drop represents approximately 3.3 million fewer adult smokers in California. The decline in prevalence was most pronounced during the early years of California Tobacco Control Program. California has the second lowest adult smoking prevalence rate in the United States, second only to Utah.] | |||
*1954-2013-2015: von 45% auf 18% auf 15%. | |||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevalence_of_tobacco_use#cite_note-41 Prevalence of tobacco use, in: en.wikipedia] | |||
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevalence_of_tobacco_consumption Prevalence of tobacco consumption, in: en.wikipedia] | *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevalence_of_tobacco_consumption Prevalence of tobacco consumption, in: en.wikipedia] | ||
:Smoking rates in the United States have dropped by half from 1965 to 2006 falling from 42% to 20.8% of adults. As of 2013, the rate of American smokers is 17.8% according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. | :Smoking rates in the United States have dropped by half from 1965 to 2006 falling from 42% to 20.8% of adults. As of 2013, the rate of American smokers is 17.8% according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. | ||
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Cigarette smoking costs about $170 billion a year in U.S. health care expenses, other new research from the CDC has found. Almost two-thirds of those expenses are paid through public programs such as Medicare or Medicaid, the agency said. | Cigarette smoking costs about $170 billion a year in U.S. health care expenses, other new research from the CDC has found. Almost two-thirds of those expenses are paid through public programs such as Medicare or Medicaid, the agency said. | ||
*[http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/06/25/why-smoking-rates-are-at-new-lows/?_r=0 (2013) Why Smoking Rates are at new lows] | *[http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/06/25/why-smoking-rates-are-at-new-lows/?_r=0 (2013) Why Smoking Rates are at new lows] | ||
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:importance of smoking bans. “When you create smoke-free workplaces, bars, casinos and restaurants, it sends a strong message that smoking is out,” he says. “It also creates environments that make it easier for people to quit smoking.” | :importance of smoking bans. “When you create smoke-free workplaces, bars, casinos and restaurants, it sends a strong message that smoking is out,” he says. “It also creates environments that make it easier for people to quit smoking.” | ||
==Weblinks und Literatur== | |||
*[http://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797%2814%2900615-1/abstract Xin Xu (2014) A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis ....American Journal of Preventive Medicine online] | |||
*[http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/brp/tcrb/monographs/8/m8_2.pdf Cigarette smoking behaviour in the United States ...] | *[http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/brp/tcrb/monographs/8/m8_2.pdf Cigarette smoking behaviour in the United States ...] | ||