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*[https://mondediplo.com/openpage/the-kingpin-strategy?fbclid=IwAR1KxwdCh0H4Zh8SJzhvRZ7REZ1TyM2OsO7f--o1QaaYm3J8qcEwqcAqFuw Andrew Cockburn (2015) The Kingpin Strategy. Le Monde Diplomatique, english] | |||
Robert C. Bonner (1992) entwickelte die Kingpin-Strategie der Drogenbekämpfung im Jahr vor Psblo Escobars Tötung. Er nannte es eine "Kingpin-Strategie", deren Ziel die Beseitigung entweder der Tod oder der Einnahme der "Kingpins" sein würde, die diese Kartelle beherrschen. - Das Konzept implizierte die Annahme, dass die Vereinigten Staaten einer hierarchisch strukturierten Bedrohung ausgesetzt waren, die durch das Entfernen wichtiger Führungskomponenten besiegt werden konnte. In dieser Hinsicht wiederholte Bonner eine traditionelle Doktrin der US-Luftwaffe: Jedes feindliche System muss "kritische Knoten" enthalten, deren Zerstörung zum Zusammenbruch des Feindes führen würde. | |||
:Él la llamó una "estrategia de kingpin" (del capo), cuyo objetivo sería la eliminación, ya sea por la muerte o la captura de los "kingpins" que dominan los carteles.- Implícito en el concepto estaba el supuesto de que Estados Unidos enfrentaba una amenaza estructurada jerárquicamente que podía ser derrotada eliminando los componentes clave de liderazgo. En esto, Bonner se hizo eco de una doctrina tradicional de la Fuerza Aérea de los Estados Unidos: que cualquier sistema enemigo debe contener "nodos críticos", cuya destrucción conduciría al colapso del enemigo. | |||
== Scheitern der Strategie == | |||
Rex Rivolo | Rex Rivolo | ||
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== Weblinks und Literatur == | == Weblinks und Literatur == | ||
*[http://www.tomdispatch.com/post/175988/tomgram%3A_andrew_cockburn%2C_how_assassination_sold_drugs_and_promoted_terrorism/ Andrew Cockburn: How Assassination sold Drugs and Promoted Terrorism] | |||
*[https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/fora89&div=56&id=&page= The New Cocaine Cowboys-How to Defeat Mexico's Drug Cartels RC Bonner - Foreign Aff., 2010] | |||
*[http://www.tomdispatch.com/post/175988/tomgram%3A_andrew_cockburn,_how_assassination_sold_drugs_and_promoted_terrorism/ Cockburn, Andrew (2015) The Kingpin Strategy. Assassination as Policy in Washington and How It Failed, 1990-2015, in: Tomgram] On the findings of Rex Rivolo's: | *[http://www.tomdispatch.com/post/175988/tomgram%3A_andrew_cockburn,_how_assassination_sold_drugs_and_promoted_terrorism/ Cockburn, Andrew (2015) The Kingpin Strategy. Assassination as Policy in Washington and How It Failed, 1990-2015, in: Tomgram] On the findings of Rex Rivolo's: | ||
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*[http://www.pressenza.com/de/2015/06/high-value-targeting-eine-strategie-die-schon-einmal-grandios-daneben-ging/ High Value Targeting (Henriette J. am 14.6.2015 über den Artikel "Gezieltes Töten" von Andrew Cockburn in der Juni-Ausgabe von Le Monde Diplomatique und das Scheitern der Kingpin Strategie] | *[http://www.pressenza.com/de/2015/06/high-value-targeting-eine-strategie-die-schon-einmal-grandios-daneben-ging/ High Value Targeting (Henriette J. am 14.6.2015 über den Artikel "Gezieltes Töten" von Andrew Cockburn in der Juni-Ausgabe von Le Monde Diplomatique und das Scheitern der Kingpin Strategie] | ||
*https://themetropole.blog/2018/11/14/the-drug-war-in-baltimore-the-failure-of-the-kingpin-strategy-in-charm-city/ | |||
… Nor is Mexico a failed state … Colombia was on the verge of failure due to the two quasi-military drug cartels, spiraling rates of political violence, criminality … Fourth, the United States and Mexico must rely on a proven strategy, such as the "kingpin strategy," which was used to defeat … | |||
The War on Drugs in Mexico: a failed state? | |||
AD Morton - Third World Quarterly, 2012 - Taylor & Francis | |||
… but it is equally confronted with counter-spaces aimed at thwarting state strategies and class … The | |||
simplistic narration of state failure would emphasise zones or regions that have been … | |||
Caldero´n proclaimed his war on drugs in 2006, and pursued his 'kingpin strategy' of targeting … | |||
[HTML] escholarship.org | |||
[HTML] The logic of violence in criminal war: Cartel-state conflict in Mexico, Colombia, and Brazil | |||
B Lessing - 2012 - escholarship.org | |||
… a key urban zone that had been under cartel dominion for a generation failed to produce … These | |||
turf-war dynamics are reinforced by the government's kingpin strategy and its splintering of the … | |||
The study concludes by asking why leaders do or do not adopt conditional strategies … | |||
The cartel crackdown: Winning the drug war and rebuilding Mexico in the process | |||
RC Bonner - Foreign Aff., 2012 - HeinOnline | |||
… Often on the payroll of the cartels in their respective regions, the state police not only failed to | |||
cooperate with the federal police but also … In his pursuit of the cartels, Calder6n has employed | |||
what is known as the kingpin strategy, which Colombia used to defeat its drug cartels in … | |||
Clinton, Bush and Plan Colombia | |||
R Crandall - Survival, 2002 - iiss.tandfonline.com | |||
… considered the Pastrana government to be a reliable anti-drug ally; the political transition in | |||
Colombia allowed the United States to adjust its drug policy strategies without having to … The | |||
vacuum in Colombia policy that had followed the failure of the 'kingpin' strategy was now … | |||
[ZITATION] The challenge of eradicating transnational criminal networks: Lessons from the war on drugs | |||
M Kenney - Annual Meeting of the American Political Science …, 2002 | |||
[PDF] researchgate.net | |||
From Pablo to Osama: Counter-terrorism lessons from the war on drugs | |||
M Kenney - Survival, 2003 - iiss.tandfonline.com | |||
… And both learn from experience, adapting their strategies and practices in response to … The kingpin | |||
strategy also confirmed the fundamental importance of tactical intelligence to counter-drug … | |||
government agree that the 11 September attacks reflected a colossal failure by the US … | |||
A Hard-to-Escape Situation Informal Pacts, Kingpin Strategies, and Collective Violence in Mexico | |||
FA Chinchilla - Crime, Law and Social Change, 2017 - Springer | |||
… 5 The Peña-Nieto policy continues a series of strategies implemented by past governments, with | |||
two novelties: a new national project of crime prevention, and a new communication strategy | |||
([72], 35; [105 … A Hard-to- Escape Situation Informal Pacts, Kingpin Strategies, and … | |||
[PDF] monmouthcollege.edu | |||
[PDF] The Drug War and State Failure in Mexico | |||
D Pedigo - Midwest Journal of Undergraduate Research, 2012 - ou.monmouthcollege.edu | |||
… victimization and in- creasing the trustworthiness of police forces, while zero tolerance strategies | |||
seem to … The kingpin strategy is certainly not the key to victory, but the successful execution of | |||
complex … in Mexico have thus far failed to eliminate the threat of state failure or state … | |||
Calderón's War | |||
NP Flannery - Journal of International Affairs, 2013 - JSTOR | |||
… and federal police succeeded in capturing and killing a number of senior cartel leaders but failed | |||
to help … failure of the police to protect them from criminals, have formed vigilante groups.58 In | |||
January 2013, security … "In fact," Crandall argues, "the kingpin strategy's 'success' is … | |||
== Castellano == | |||
*[https://es.larouchepac.com/es/node/20144 Los asesinatos de Obama: el Pentágono sabía que los asesinatos con drones iban a fomentar el terrorismo] | |||