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'''Crises contemporâneas e justiça criminal''' | |||
== Ontological insecurity == | |||
Jock Young (1991) The Exclusive Society: Social Exclusion, Crime, and Difference. | |||
The velocity of social change since the 1960s contributes to the sense of disorientation. Cultural change: from material values to aesthetic values (post-materialist); liberalisation of life-style. Backlash since 1971 (War on Drugs), 1974 (Nothing Works). Street crime wave in NYC and elsewhere. 1980s: crack epidemic, high crime rates, rising imprisonment, punitive turn (Sentencing guidelines, minimum sentences, truth in sentencing). Cuts in welfare: neo-liberalism. Externalisation of labour and jobs. Threat to the middle class. Middle class squeeze. Loss of job security. Education becomes commodity. Economic insecurit. Negative outlook for generation of children. Migration. Status anxieties. Parallel to early 20th century. | |||
David Garland (2002) The Culture of Control. Crime & Social Order in contemporary society. | |||
Acting out, mass incarceration, three strikes laws. Penal excess. Anti-migration. | |||
== Vicious Circle == | |||
The economic laws of organized crime and stronger than the penal law of prohibition. | |||
'''How does the political and economic crisis - both on a national and international level - affect the criminal justice system (legislation, police, prosecution, judiciary, prisons)? How does it, more specifically, affect individual rights, the balance of powers, and the democratic order?''' | '''How does the political and economic crisis - both on a national and international level - affect the criminal justice system (legislation, police, prosecution, judiciary, prisons)? How does it, more specifically, affect individual rights, the balance of powers, and the democratic order?''' | ||