Anwar al-Awlaki: Unterschied zwischen den Versionen

'''Anwar al-Awlaki'''  (born on the 22nd April, 1971 in Las Cruces, New Mexico, died 30th September, 2011 in Yemen) was a radical Muslim preacher who encouraged his followers to attack western targets by facilitating and coordinating several terrorist attacks. According to U.S government officials Awlaki became a senior talent recruiter and leading figure for Al- Qaida’s affiliate in Yemen. Awlaki had been perhaps the most prominent English-speaking advocate of violent jihad against the United States, with his message carried extensively over the Internet. He was an inspiring, clever lecturer who spoke directly to the concerns of young Muslims in the West. He had been described as the 'bin Laden of the Internet.' His online lectures and sermons had been linked to more than a dozen terrorist investigations in the United States, Britain and Canada. Awlaki had been the focus of intense scrutiny since he was linked to Nidal Malik Hasan an army psychiatrist accused of killing 13 people at Fort Hood in Texas November 2009 and Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab, the Nigerian man charged with trying to blow up a Detroit bound airliner on December 25th 2009.

==Ideology and radicalization==

===Life in the USA===

==U.S approved targeted killing of Anwar al-Awlaki==

On August 30, 2010, the groups filed a "targeted killing" lawsuit, naming Barack Obama, CIA Director Leon Panetta, and Secretary of Defense Robert Gates as defendants. They sought an injunction preventing the targeted killing of al-Awlaki, and also sought to require the government to disclose the standards under which U.S. citizens may be "targeted for death".  

Judge John D. Bates dismissed the lawsuit in an 83-page ruling, holding that the father did not have legal standing to bring the lawsuit, and that his claims were judicially unreviewable under the political question doctrine inasmuch as he was questioning a decision that the U.S. Constitution committed to the political branches.

In several Security Council Resolutions it is stated that the immediate aftermath of 9/11 affirmed the right of the USA to defend itself and emphasized that defensive force may be used when a State had failed to prevent or suppress terrorist activities originating from its territory. Under the Authorization for the Use of Military Force (AUMF) statute, American congress authorized the killings of any member of Al-Qaida, that the 'President is authorized to use all necessary and appropriate force against those nations, organizations, or persons he determines planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks that occured on September 11, 2001, or harboured such organizations or persons, in order to prevent any future acts of international terrorism against the United States by such nations, organizations or persons.' The U.S government argued that the AUMF would apply to any use of lethal force against Al-Awlaki as he has taken an increasingly operational role in AQAP, an organization the U.S determined to be an 'organized armed group that is either part of al-Qaida, or is an asscociated force, or cobelligerent, of al-Qaida that has directed armed attacks against the United States in the noninternational armed conflict between the United States and al-Qaida.'

==Death==

Awlaki was killed by a drone strike on September the 30th 2011 in Yemen, just months after the death of Osama bin Laden. The strike was carried out by the Joint Special Operations Command, under the direction of the CIA. President Obama said “The death of Awlaki is a major blow to Al-Qaeda's most active operational affiliate.  [The strike] is further proof that Al-Qaeda and its affiliates will find no safe haven anywhere in the world.”

After the deaths of Nasser al-Awlaki's son and grandson, Nasser trascripted a 6 minute audio message to condemn the US for the killings. In the audio he described Obama:

"I urge the American people to bring the killers to justice. I urge them to expose the hypocrisy of the 2009 Nobel Prize laureate. To some, he may be that. To me and my family, he is nothing more than a child killer."

* Al-Awlaki also wrote for Jihad Recollections, an English language online publication published by Al-Fursan Media.

* Allah is Preparing Us for Victory – short book (2009).

==Literature==

*Joint Inquiry into Intelligence Community Activities Before and After the Terrorist Attacks of September 11, 2001 Report, by the U.S Senate Select Committee on Intelligence and U.S House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence

*Benford Robert D. and David A. Snow, Framing Processes and Social Movements: An Overview and Assessment, Annual Review of Sociology, Vol 26 (2000), ßß.611-639

*Goffman Erving, Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience, Harvard University Press, 1974

*Meleagrou- Hitchens Alexander, As American as Apple Pie: How Anwar al-Awlaki Became the Face of Western Jihad, International Crime Centre For Radicalisation and Political Violence, London, 2011

*Ramsden Michael, Targeted Killings and International Human Rights Law: The Case of Anwar Al-Awlaki, Journal of Conflict and Security Law,Vol.16 No.2, Oxford University Press, 2011

==Weblinks==