Antisemitismusbegriff: Unterschied zwischen den Versionen

Eine Erweiterung des Begriffs erfolgte im Rahmen einer "Arbeitsdefinition" des European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia (2005). In 2005, the European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia (now [[Fundamental Rights Agency]]), then an agency of the [[European Union]], developed a more detailed [[EUMC Working Definition of Antisemitism|working definition]], which states: "Antisemitism is a certain perception of Jews, which may be expressed as hatred toward Jews. Rhetorical and physical manifestations of antisemitism are directed toward Jewish or non-Jewish individuals and/or their property, toward Jewish community institutions and religious facilities." It also adds that "such manifestations could also target the state of Israel, conceived as a Jewish collectivity," but that "criticism of Israel similar to that leveled against any other country cannot be regarded as antisemitic." It provides contemporary examples of ways in which antisemitism may manifest itself, including: promoting the harming of Jews in the name of an ideology or religion; promoting negative stereotypes of Jews; holding Jews collectively responsible for the actions of an individual Jewish person or group; [[Holocaust denial|denying the Holocaust]] or accusing Jews or Israel of exaggerating it; and accusing Jews of [[dual loyalty]] or a greater allegiance to Israel than their own country. It also lists ways in which attacking Israel could be antisemitic, and states that denying the Jewish people their right to self-determination, e.g. by claiming that the existence of a state of Israel is a racist endeavor, can be a manifestation of antisemitism—as can applying double standards by requiring of Israel a behavior not expected or demanded of any other democratic nation, or holding Jews collectively responsible for the actions of the State of Israel.<ref>{{cite web

}}</ref> Late in 2013, the definition was removed from the website of the Fundamental Rights Agency. A spokesperson said that it had never been regarded as official and that the agency did not intend to develop its own definition.<ref>{{cite news | author = Jewish Telegraphic Agency | title = What is anti-Semitism? EU racism agency unable to define term | newspaper = Jerusalem Post | date = 5 December 2013 | url = http://www.jpost.com/Jewish-World/Jewish-News/What-is-anti-Semitism-EU-racism-agency-unable-to-define-term-334043}}</ref> However, despite its disappearance from the website of the Fundamental Rights Agency, the definition has gained widespread international use. The definition has been adopted by the [[European Parliament|European Parliament Working Group on Antisemitism]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.antisem.eu/projects/eumc-working-definition-of-antisemitism/|title=EUMC Working Definition of Antisemitism «  EPWG|website=www.antisem.eu|access-date=2016-08-23}}</ref> in 2010 it was adopted by the United States Department of State,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/fs/2010/122352.htm|title=Defining Anti-Semitism|access-date=2016-08-23}}</ref> in 2014 it was adopted in the Operational Hate Crime Guidance of the UK [[College of Policing]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.app.college.police.uk/app-content/major-investigation-and-public-protection/hate-crime/|title=Hate crime|website=www.app.college.police.uk|access-date=2016-08-23}}</ref> and was also adopted by the Campaign Against Antisemitism,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://antisemitism.uk/definition/|title=Definition of antisemitism|date=2015-07-13|language=en-GB|access-date=2016-08-23}}</ref> and in 2016 it was adopted by the 31 member states of the [[International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.holocaustremembrance.com/media-room/stories/working-definition-antisemitism|title=Working Definition of Antisemitism {{!}} IHRA|website=www.holocaustremembrance.com|access-date=2016-08-23}}</ref> making it the most widely adopted definition of antisemitism around the world.