Agonal Autism in the Syrian Conflict: Unterschied zwischen den Versionen

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 One plausible hypothesis would be the following: while it has always been difficult to to change from sword to talk, this has become much more complicated in our new age of small, asymmetric, and unconventional warfare with its recurrent complaint by state parties that they suffer from a "lack of partners for peace". It may sound terribly nostalgic of traditional warfare to say that it was a great advantage of "old" wars that they were culturally embedded in a network of practices, customs, rules, and meta-rules that allowed for institutionalized communication even with soldiers still fighting. Ethnologist Wilhelm E. Mühlmann (1940) had referred to such phenomena as "agonal partnership". The existence of a meta-level of partnership in the middle of armed conflict produced things like the Christmas Truce 1914 and similar episodes all but impossible to imagine taking place in the present-day Syrian conflict:
-:While German and British fighter pilots in World War I were the deadliest of enemies, stories of chivalry are not as rare as might be expected. In one case, German pilot Boelke shot down a British plane in January, 1916. Boelke then landed and was delighted so see that he had brought down the enemy plane with its two-person crew (Somervill and Formilli) alive. He had a long talk with the pilot, provided a car to take them to the hospital, and even offered his services to deliver a letter that Formilli had written from his sick-bed to a certain Captain Babington of the Royal Flying Corps (telling of their conditions and asking the captain to let their respective families know). Pilot Boelke flew over the British lines, and dropped the letter. It finally did reach its destination, and ended up, almost a century on, at an auction together with pictures showing the British aircraft after it had been shot down ("Gentlemen of the skies: German flew behind enemy lines to deliver letter from Brit he shot down. MailOnline 8 September 2012).
+:While German and British fighter pilots in World War I were the deadliest of enemies, stories of chivalry are not as rare as might be expected. In one case, German pilot Boelke shot down a British plane in January, 1916. Boelke then landed and was delighted so see that he had brought down the enemy plane with its two-person crew (Somervill and Formilli) alive. He had a long talk with the pilot, provided a car to take them to the hospital, and even offered his services to deliver a letter that Formilli had written from his sick-bed to a certain Captain Babington of the Royal Flying Corps (telling of their conditions and asking the captain to let their respective families know). Pilot Boelke flew over the British lines, and dropped the letter. It finally did reach its destination, and ended up, almost a century on, at an auction together with pictures showing the British aircraft after it had been shot down (cf. Seamark 2012).
 In the Syrian conflict, stories of just how gentlemanly combatants behaved, even in grim battle, do not abound (to say the least). There seems to be no such thing as agonal partnership. Quite to the contrary: like in other "small" wars, there is a distinctive lack of chivalry and empathy, of respect for humanitarian law, of a willingness (and ability) to distinguish between combatants and non-combatants. All this creates a vicious circle of de-humanizing stereotypes and activities such as rape, torture, and arbitrary killings. The irregularity of the partisan militia also affects conventional forces who tend to assimilate their own behavior to match that of the others. With blurred boundaries, these wars are fought in deserts as well as on bridges and market places in Central Europe. With blurred boundaries between war and peace, battle zone and hinterland, with distance weapons like killer drones guided by far away armchair "pilots" and/or impersonal computer software ("disposition matrix"), countered by the use of makeshift weapons like trucks or cars against civilian targets the situation is chaotic, and in the midst of this chaos nothing is less likely to flourish than agonal partnership.
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 = Weblinks and Bibliography =
+*[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/well-put-bin-laden-out-of-business-says-us-523771.html Buncombe, Andrew (The Independent, 20 January 2006) We'll put Bin Laden out of business, says US].
 *[https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronik_des_Bürgerkriegs_in_Syrien_2011 Chronik des Bürgerkriegs in Syrien 2011, in: de.wikipedia.org]
 *Clausewitz, Carl von (1966) Meine Vorlesungen über den kleinen Krieg, gehalten auf der Kriegs-Schule 1810 und 1811, in: Clausewitz, Carl von: Schriften, Aufsätze, Studien, Briefe, Bd. 1, hrsg. von Werner Hahlweg, Göttingen: 208-599.