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 The 36 richest countries presumably house the "better" prisons. These also happen to be in the focus of the international criminological prison discourse. But the rich countries have a tendency to take the plan for the reality. They discount uncomfortable scandals as extraordinary cases that should be ignored when judging the prison system itself. The contrary might be more adequate though. The smoothly running model prison is probably and absolute exception to the rule and should not be mistaken for what constitutes the reality of the prison. In such a view, prisons cannot be separated from the recurrent crises that they go through. Much to the contrary, the prison must be recognized as the structural condition from which those recurrent crises emerge.
-In rich as in poor countries, prisons never meet their governments' self-declared and undersigned minimum standards in terms of building size, inmates' space, hygiene, medical attention, and rehabilitative efforts. Prison buildings are often too old and too large in terms of capacity, while at the same time overcrowded an not giving enough space to each individual. The command and obedience structure of the internal prison regime is often exacerbated by inadequate qualifications of prisons staff due to a negative recruitment steered by low wages and unattractive work atmospheres in the setting of total institutions with a difficult clientele. Prisoners see themselves dressaged and bullied around by wardens who are often undertrained and overly bossy. They see themselves confronted with disinterest, malperformance or even harassment by often equally untertrained functionaries from specialist services such as prison psychologists, social workers, or even doctors. Their lawyers are not the belong to the A-list of their profession (those are where the money is). Therefore, their access to legal protection is not as it should be. All in all, it would take a good deal of operational blindness to ignore or deny the inadequacy of prison reality as compared with the officially proclaimed standards.
+Even in rich countries prisons most of the time do not even meet their governments' self-declared and undersigned minimum standards in terms of building size, inmates' space, hygiene, medical attention, and rehabilitative efforts. Prison buildings are often too old and too large in terms of capacity, while at the same time overcrowded an not giving enough space to each individual. The command and obedience structure of the internal prison regime is often exacerbated by inadequate qualifications of prisons staff due to a negative recruitment steered by low wages and unattractive work atmospheres in the setting of total institutions with a difficult clientele. Prisoners see themselves dressaged and bullied around by wardens who are often undertrained and overly bossy. They see themselves confronted with disinterest, malperformance or even harassment by often equally untertrained functionaries from specialist services such as prison psychologists, social workers, or even doctors. Their lawyers do not
+belong to the A-list of their profession (those are where the money is). Therefore, their access to legal protection is not as it should be. All in all, it would take a good deal of operational blindness to ignore or deny the inadequacy of prison reality as compared with the officially proclaimed standards.
-In this sense, and seen from the experience of imprisonment itself in the real world, the prison system as such is one of permanent multiple crises concerning overcrowding, hygienic and medical conditions, food, and social services. Recurrent themes of the permanent crises are overcrowding, the lack of hygiene, medical attention, and of respect for basic human rights. Objective conditions plus the respective subjective perceptions and coping strategies of prisoners themselves result in what can be said to be the experience of imprisonment. This is different, of course, for young and old, male and female, wrongly and rightly convicted inmates, but also for different personality types (and those with various personality disorders). But they are also similar in that the experiences always concern themes like the pains of imprisonment, the stigma, the power relations and how differing vulnerabilities are being shielded, detected, and exploited (Reeves 2016).
+In this sense, and seen from the experience of imprisonment itself in the real world, the prison system as such is, even in the rich countries, the venue of permanent multiple crises. Recurrent themes of the permanent crises are overcrowding, the lack of hygiene, of medical attention, and of respect for basic human rights. Objective conditions plus the respective subjective perceptions and coping strategies of prisoners themselves result in what can be said to be the experience of imprisonment. This is different, of course, for young and old, male and female, wrongly and rightly convicted inmates, but also for different personality types (and those with various personality disorders). But they are also similar in that the experiences always concern themes like the pains of imprisonment, the stigma, the power relations and how differing vulnerabilities are being shielded, detected, and exploited (Reeves 2016).
 === Prisons in Poor Countries ===