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===Death Penalty=== | ===Death Penalty=== | ||
The death penalty (capital punishment) can be seen as a violation of human rights. To deny the right to life is a serious challenge to the very idea of rights belonging to a human being. | |||
One of the first Quakers by the name of John Bellers (1654-1775) was critical of the death penalty, as was Cesare Beccaria (/1764), even if Beccaria allowed for the death penalty to persist in cases of high treason in the penal code of Lombardy at the late 18th century in the development of which he was involved. Beccaria founded his argument upon the social contract: nobody would agree to his losing his life in such a contract. German philosopher Immanuel Kant saw it quite differently, though. | |||
Despite pressure for the abolition of the death penalty, many countries in the world still maintain the death penalty in their criminal codes and in practice. | Despite pressure for the abolition of the death penalty, many countries in the world still maintain the death penalty in their criminal codes and in practice. | ||
Capital punishment has, in the past, been practised by most societies; currently 58 nations actively practise it, and 97 countries have abolished it (the remainder have not used it for 10 years or allow it only in exceptional circumstances such as wartime). | Capital punishment has, in the past, been practised by most societies; currently 58 nations actively practise it, and 97 countries have abolished it (the remainder have not used it for 10 years or allow it only in exceptional circumstances such as wartime). | ||